Journal of Case Reports and Reviews in Medicine (ISSN: 3069-0749)
Review Article Volume: 2 & Issue: 3
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Abstract
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare, chronic neuro-mucocutaneous disease, clinically characterized by a triad of fissured tongue and recurrent orofacial swelling and peripheral facial nerve palsy. The full triad is uncommon, and most patients have only one or two findings, making diagnosis difficult and often delayed. MRS etiology is unknown, but genetic predisposition, infectious triggers, immune dysregulation, and allergic mechanisms have been proposed. Histopathological examination may show non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, especially in patients with chronic lip swelling. Corticosteroids remain the main medical therapy, and in case of persistent granulomatous cheilitis or lip edema, intralesional corticosteroids may be considered. This review summarizes the current epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of MRS.
Keywords: Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome; facial palsy; orofacial swelling; granulomatous cheilitis; fissured tongue; orofacial granulomatosis.
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